African Origins of Haitians

Exerpt from a great article on Haiti 360:

"The Africans who came from Africa into Haiti were mainly from the Bight of Benin. The Republic of Benin was known as part of the Dahomey kingdom. Dahomey was a powerful kingdom in the west part of Africa until it was taken over from 1894-1960 by the French. However, before the French took over completely the French were already buying slaves, trading for slaves and shipping them into the Caribbean to be used as slaves."


"... as most scholars would note, most Africans brought to Haiti were of the Yoruba people in Benin. However, this is due to the Dahomey kingdom conquered territories; which were assimilated through intermarriage, uniform laws, and a common tradition of enmity to the Yoruba. The non-Yoruba Africans came from the Kongo and Angola, with most coming from the region in which the Kongo people resided. Be mindful that the Kongo and Angola people were also intermingle with the Yoruba people. In other words the Yoruba people were all over the west part of Africa. If anything, they were considered to be the largest group of people in the west parts of Africa. Although, Haitian descendants come from the same continent, some of the Africans in Haiti were very much from different parts of Africa. Furthermore, mixing the different African tribes with each other, was a tactic used by the French as well as the other Europeans to keep African slaves from revolting or rebelling. For example, if all spoke the same language there would be a higher chance in communicating and revolting; as appose to those who spoke a different languages and possible conflicts already from being in different tribes, would create chaos which gave the European the advantages in control of the Africans."

History of Haitian Creole

Taken from The Haitian Creole Language Institute of New York


The Haitian Creole Language is spoken by over 10 million people, both in Haiti and around the world in many communities of the diaspora . Often stereotyped as a bastardized form of French, there are many who are unaware of the richness of the language and the complex and expressive ways in which it is used.

Some basic facts about Haitian Creole:
•It is an analytic Language which means that separate words are used to indicate tense, plurality, possession, etc.
•Its structure and grammar are based on Fon gbè, a West African family of languages that is still spoken today in Benin, Togo and parts of Ghana and Nigeria.
•Its phonetics (Sounds) are based on French, so the majority of its vocabulary is French in origin. although It is important to note that some definitions may have shifted or changed, so French and Haitian Creole are not mutually intelligible.
•It has historically been an oral language, with a strong tradition of oral histories being passed on from generation to generation.
•Its orthography was only recently standardized, in 1979.
•There are nearly no silent letters in Haitian Creole. It is a highly phonetic language.